Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Management
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and progressive joint damage. Unlike osteoarthritis, which is caused by wear and tear of the joints, RA occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, particularly the synovium—the thin lining of the joints. This autoimmune reaction triggers inflammation that can eventually erode cartilage and bone, causing deformities and loss of function if left untreated.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of RA remains unknown, but researchers believe that a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors contributes to its development. Certain genes, such as the HLA-DR4 gene, are associated with an increased risk of RA. Environmental triggers, including smoking, infections, and prolonged exposure to pollutants, may activate the immune system in genetically predisposed individuals. Additionally, women are more prone to developing RA…
